polish players in german national team

All-time results of games played by Poland National Soccer Team in the FIFA World Cups with details of WC, final score, goals, extratimes, penalties and more. Found inside – Page 34It was Peterson's job to recruit the best Polish players into the German team. It wasn't quite clear to Peterson how the world was going to play soccer when ... Sure enough, coach Rudi Voller called him up that year and he sampled the first of his four World Cups 12 months later, achieving immortality at the tournament 12 years on from that. The Tartan Army will wonder what might have been! Squad Friendlies. Wojciech Szczęsny . Best football players of national football team of Poland according to fans’ voting results, 2021 … Found inside – Page 119Baseball, Basketball, Football, Hockey, Soccer David Blevins ... Brown moved to the United States at age 20 and played soccer in the Philadelphia, ... All information about Poland (EURO 2020) current squad with market values transfers rumours player stats fixtures news "We all want success at the World Cup, never mind where you come from. He won 116 caps as well as the 1998 World Cup and 2000 European Championships, despite being sent off in the final of the former. He may have been a peripheral figure during Germany's World Cup win this summer, but Polish-born Lukas Podolski has managed an impressive 47 goals in 120 appearances for his national team. Yes, argues Daniel Kaiser and gives an outlook for a possible … Mario Gomez was born in Baden-Wuerttemberg, but his father comes from Spain. Found inside – Page 2The same holds true for Lukas Podolski, a German national player with dual German-Polish citizenship, who refused to sing along to the German anthem at the ... The opposite is true of Owen, who went to school in Wales despite being born just over the border in England, while the Marseille-born Zidane never even entertained the thought of playing for Algeria once he started playing in the France under-17 team. More than half of the outfield players selected by Joachim Loew were either born outside Germany themselves, or have a non-German parent. Lukas Podolski, Miroslav Klose and Piotr Trochowski were born in Poland, and moved across the border as children. CRAZYDAISYWORLD Customized Soccer Volleyball Jersey - Your Own Personalized 2 Side Custom Jersey Men - Custom Team Uniform. More foreign players than Germans in the Bundesliga. The team refused to train during the World Cup after Nicolas Anelka was sent home for arguing with France’s coach. Despite going down a goal in the 72nd minute, the home side rallied to score an equalizer in the 92nd minute and Lewandowski provided the assist for the crucial goal from Damian Szymanski. The German national soccer team's third-place finish in the World Cup has drawn much attention to the diverse nature of its members. Alkurd was born in 1975 and played for the Palestine national team throughout his professional career. It works both ways. Zinedine Zidane could never have played for Algeria. Found inside – Page 128And the squad of Dan Tana's Los Angeles Toros , managed by Polish goalkeeper Max Wosniak , included players from England , Germany , Mexico , Israel ... Included in Germany's 2010 squad are Dennis Aogo, whose father is Nigerian, and Jerome Boateng, born in Berlin to a Ghanaian father. Having been born in Brazil and played for the legendary Corinthians club, many were waiting for the creative midfielder Deco to break into the Brazilian national side in 2002, but the Ronaldo, Rivaldo and Ronaldinho generation had good enough players already, as proved when they won the World Cup in Japan and Korea. The Perrottas moved back to Italy when Simone was four, and there was never any suggestion that he'd don the Three Lions after he made his Italy under-21 debut in 1998. Gomez is likely to miss out on a place in Germany's attack, in favor of an in-form Brazilian-born striker nicknamed "Helmut." According to the most up-to-date figures from the Federal Statistics Office, one in five people living in Germany in 2008 was of foreign descent. 2019 2º in Stage 2 GP Cycliste de Gemenc, Hungary. When aged 21, Real Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stefano played six times for his native Argentina and scored six goals. ", Author: Srecko Matic / tmsEditor: Toma Tasovac, Werder Bremen's creative spark Mesut Oezil is being lined up to inject exciting attacking options into Germany's World Cup plans in South Africa this summer. This team also called Polish football teams of Poland football Association The Brazil-born forward actually played in two friendlies for the country of his birth before switching allegiance to Spain after being granted nationality in 2013, but he's far from being alone when it comes to having a choice over which country to play for. Boniek's statement was backed up by an official decree from the Polish FA, which said: "The Polish Football Association informs that the players of the Polish national team before the match with England at Wembley took a neutral and apolitical position towards the 'Black Lives Matter' initiative. Found inside – Page 103Along with the team would come ten thousand German supporters "as ... a recent German Polish football match in Upper Silesia a Polish Jewish player had been ... Birthdate: April 18, 1990. He may have been a peripheral figure during Germany's World Cup win this summer, but Polish-born Lukas Podolski has managed an impressive 47 goals in 120 appearances for his national team. Germany’s Hansi Flick era begins this week with a triple header of World Cup qualifiers. Join our newsletter to get the latest in sports news delivered straight to your inbox! Found insideA Glossary of Football Words and Phrases from Around the World Tom Williams ... of Polish, Turkish, Brazilian and Ghanaian extraction who played for Germany ... When the Bundesliga was established in 1963, only seven of its 300 players were foreigners. Found inside – Page 28Özil was the leading scorer on the victorious German 2014 World Cup team which ... played for other countries ( Bosnia , Brazil , Ghana , Nigeria , Poland ... Out of a total of 429 professionals, only 194 had German citizenship, while 235 came from abroad. His prodigious football talent was already evident, and it wasn't long before he was called into the Portuguese national side for whom he scored 41 goals in 64 games and was also the top scorer at the 1966 World Cup in England. The Soccer World Cups .com Champions, stats, national teams and players from each World Cup. However, later that same year Costa decided that he wanted to switch to the Spanish national team having gained nationality through his six years at Atletico Madrid, a decision which surprised many given that the World Cup in Brazil was on the horizon. He played 28 times for Spain and was a key player as that 2008 success was secured in Austria and Switzerland. Found inside – Page 47Polish players know their public are not happy and realise it is all or ... Janas praised Germany's potent attack , but said there were holes in the team . Enjoy our content? All have been part of Germany's international set-up for years. Poland’s national team currently has no black players and apart from Emmanuel Olisadebe in the late 1990s and early 2000s, non-white players have been few and far between. Found insideAside from two Polish players, they were not far off being the German national side in club form. The same German national side that went on to win the ... Founded 1919 Address Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 02-366 Warszawa Country Poland Phone +48 (22) 551 2253 Fax +48 (22) 551 2240 E-mail pzpn@pzpn.pl Most of the players who have gone on to represent the full national team are ethnic Germans however we have compiled a list of those players who could have played for other countries instead of the four-time World Cup winners. Found inside – Page 276The Story of German Football Ulrich Hesse ... ( As we know , there were also very many other players with Polish ancestry who graced Germany's teams over ... Sun Sign: Aries. "I am glad that Germany has adopted me," he said. Found inside – Page 87Professional footballers from both countries were much in demand in the inter-war period and ... As a result Krakow became the pioneer of Polish football. Found inside – Page 66... group published a 'World Cup guide' featuring a German football player in ... for-all-the-wrong-reasons match between Germany and Poland was preceded by ... Eight years after the establishment of the German Football Association (DFB), the first official match of the Germany national football team was played on 5 April 1908, against Switzerland in Basel, with the Swiss winning 5–3. Julius Hirsch was the first Jewish player to represent the Germany national football team, which he joined in 1911. 288. Found insideThe Strange Tale of Soccer During Europe's Darkest Hour Simon Kuper ... who remains to this day quite probably the best Polish soccer player ever. Found inside – Page 55... players and coaches against all forms of discrimination. ... of Germany conference, the first nation-wide symposium concerning football fans against the ... Found insidenational team in a friendly international against Slovakia in Bremen. ... who had been born in Poland to Polish parents but had moved to Germany when he was ... Full squad information for Poland, including formation summary and lineups from recent games, player profiles and team news. $12.50 $ 12. $25.99 $ 25. Birthplace: … They also put on a spectrum of projects and activities to promote the integration of youngsters from different backgrounds into society, both by playing soccer and using it as an example. Sami Khedira is set to play an important role after captain Michael Ballack was ruled out through injury. Far-right groups were reprimanded in court for racist publications attacking black German national players Gerald Asamoah and Patrick Owomoyela only four years ago, in the build-up to Germany's World Cup. Found insideThe Aussiedler families of renowned (and well-paid) German footballers, ... The national team's success in the 2010 World Cup and in Euro 2012 was ... Poland Players in the 1974 Soccer World Cup Information about the complete roster of Poland National Soccer Team in the West Germany 1974 World Cup with players, jersey numbers, position on the field, DOB, club and coach Albania, Turkey, Kosovo and even England all stated a claim to his prodigious talents, but he decided to go with the country of his birth and was called into the Belgian squad for the summer's World Cup, where he made one appearance. Found insideIn 1996, 57 years afterthe invasionof Poland,a friendly took place betweenthe German and the Polish nationalsidein Zabrze, only about 30km awayfrom one ... 53 27. Club teams ... National Teams; FIFA Rankings; H2H Comparison; Teams. Following Jose Mourinho's instructions, Diego Costa has been left out of the Spain squad for their qualifier against Belarus and a subsequent friendly against Germany, but of course he very nearly never made it into that squad in the first place. Before we start, though, some myths need busting. Could Germany field a national team which is exclusively made up of Polish-born players? Found insideSuccess of the Month THE CHAMPION TEAM OF THE POLISH VOLLEYBALL PLAYERS ... they played , defeating such teams as those of the USSR , Japan and the German ... You will get Poland national Football team players, roster, Schedule, FIFA World Cup 2018, World Cup Qualifiers and more. More commonly known as Cacau, he was born in Sao Paulo province, and moved to German lower-league football ten years ago. Cacau had to work his way to the top of German football. Khedira completes a trio of players with African roots. The Germans made too many mistakes in the unsuccessful revenge for the EM-Aus in the quarter-finals… He's just extended his contract at the club until 2013. Found inside – Page 304Priakin was a good player in the Soviet Union but not a star. ... Polish soccer players, Czechoslovakian hockey players, Hungarian boxers, ... Fixtures & Results. DW spoke with the Bundesliga striker about his transition to playing for Germany. The team is governed by the German Football Association (Deutscher Fußball-Bund), founded in 1900. ("The Dragons") "Zmajevi" means "The Dragons". Found inside – Page 35Four out of the ten top scorers in the history of Polish national team are ... dream team composed of Czech, Polish and German players born in Silesia. Famous As: Polish footballer. Zlatan Ibrahimović. (24.03.2009), © 2021 Deutsche Welle | The sport plays a leading role in a successfully multicultural society today. He made his England senior debut in 2012 having risen through the youth ranks, and in the summer he was the only member of Roy Hodgson's World Cup squad who was born outside of England. Kühne Logistics University (KLU) is a private university that focusses on logistics and leadership. Take a look at the beta version of dw.com. Found insideLook at the Brazilians in Portugal's team, or all the African born players in French teams over the years, or the polish players in the German side. "My whole mindset is German.". Found inside – Page 95Tackling Football and Radical Politics Gabriel Kuhn ... Most FAs have introduced punitive measures for hate speech, both by players and supporters. Eleven of the 23 German players have immigrant roots - … Legal notice | Found inside – Page 68A major football tournament of the caliber of a World Cup demands ... version of the 'World Cup guide' that illustrated a German player wearing the nation's ... "A gift for German football," was how Joachim Loew described Oezil. La Verde means 'The Green' or to some 'The Green Pasture' because of one of the colors of the national flag. Poland Soccer Retro National Team Sport Football Graphic Tee T-Shirt for Men. Poland Euro 2020 squad: Team profile Three years have passed since Poland’s disastrous World Cup showing in Russia, and it’s difficult to say that confidence has returned. One of the great icons of that side was Marcel Desailly, who decided not to play for the country of both his parents' and his own birth, Ghana, to instead turn out for the nation he's called home since he was four. Bosnia-Herzegovina. He retired from internationals after helping Spain to the 1962 World Cup. Olexander Yakovenko – Midfielder - 'Lierse', 'Genk', 'Westerlo', 'Leven', 'Anderlecht', 'Den Haag', 'Malaga', … Your opinion can help us make it better. Full squad information for Poland, including formation summary and lineups from recent games, player profiles and team news. "Sport is a fantastic instrument of social integration," said Jacques Rogge, president of the International Olympic Committee, at a recent lecture in Darmstadt. One of world football's great figures, Eusebio was born in Mozambique before moving to Lisbon as a teenager. Get players' names, positions, nationality, and more. Since 2007, the DFB and its general sponsor Mercedes-Benz have given an integration prize under the label "Football: Many cultures - but a Single Passion." The new rules on nationality which were brought in in 2009 would have allowed him to represent England, but of course he'd played plenty of times for Wales by then. Germany's favorite sport is a working-class game, but not exclusively so. The Arsenal forward was just two years old when his family emigrated from Poland to West Germany, where they were immediately given citizenship due to Podolski's grandparents being German nationals. Poland’s national team currently has no black players and apart from Emmanuel Olisadebe in the late 1990s and early 2000s, non-white players have been few and far between. Born in Lagarto, Brazil, Diego Costa's robust playing style attracted the attention of Brazilian national team coach Luiz Felipe Scolari in 2013, when he played in friendlies against Italy in Geneva and Russia in London. The great joy of the 1998 French World Cup winning team was just how diverse they were, with their success seemingly uniting a country in elements where there had once been mistrust. So it’s safe to say that Germany become best place for USA promising youngster to grow and show his talent. Of the 23 players representing Germany at the World Cup, 11 have foreign backgrounds. Found inside – Page 121Taken by surprise, the French public discovered the presence of coloured players like Jérôme Boateng, son of a German mother and a Ghanaian father; ... Soccer is cheap to take up but promises great riches at the top, and so offers the chance to advance and climb the social ladder. The Poland national football team (Polish: Reprezentacja Polski w piłce nożnej) has represented Poland in men's international football competitions since their first match in 1921. In foreign media, the team is sometimes referred to as the Golden Lilies. Poland Players in the 1974 Soccer World Cup Information about the complete roster of Poland National Soccer Team in the West Germany 1974 World Cup with players, jersey numbers, position on … 99. The German Football Association (DFB) is not afraid of celebrating its eclectic new generation of players. It is a popular nickname of all Bosnian sport players. Ryan Giggs could never have played for England. Zmajevi. The pre-war German team absorbed the best Austrian players after Anschluss and also forced the Pole Ernst Wilimowski into its ranks during the occupation of Poland. But an impression of a complete acceptance of ethnic diversity in German soccer would not be fair. Most popular football star of interwar Poland, Ernest Wilimowski, capped several times for Germany in the early 1940s, and other top players, from the region such as Gerard Wodarz, Jerzy Wostal, Teodor Peterek, Wilhelm Góra, Leonard Piątek, Ewald Dytko, Erwin Nyc, after signing the Volksliste, were allowed to continue playing. It's international week, but will there be some players out there wondering what might have been? The left-back made a number of disparaging comments about the national team and his coach during the 2010 World Cup, and led a player revolt. Found inside – Page 226The very first German football team in the region Sportverein Ratibor 03 was ... Warta Poznań was established in 1912 by Polish players who previously used ... The squad has roots in eight different countries - nine when Germany's included. Found insideIn 2010 the CSKA Moscow basketball team had three American players, an Italian coach ... Germany's national team is stereotyped as a no-frills, disciplined, ... Found inside – Page 79535.1.1 Is twenty-first century Germany a multicultural society? ... the German national team, trained by an Americanized expatriate, fielded players with ... He cites the Polish-born German national team players, Lukas Podolski and Miroslav Klose, as prominent examples. Found inside – Page 24069 Before the game, the Italian players, like their German colleagues in 1941, visited José Antonio Primo de Rivera's grave, accompanied by the Spanish team ... (19.05.2010), The trial of three key members of Germany's far-right NPD party began in Berlin on Tuesday, March 24. You can find more information in our data protection declaration. Birthdate: October 3, 1981. Born in Opole, Poland, and the son of two professional athletes, Miroslav Klose's road to becoming the World Cup's all-time record goalscorer and a winner of the competition with Germany began when he moved to the country in 1986 aged eight. Here are some other star names who were faced with a similar question. Klose’s first taste of professional football came with FC Homburg before moving onto and tasting success with Kaiserslautern, Werder Bremen and Bayern Munich. Born in Brazil, Senna became a legend at Villarreal over 11 years at the club as he helped them reach the dizzying heights of the Champions League semi-finals. In preparation for the 1934 World Cup, Italy naturalized several extraordinary "oriundi", South Americans of Italian stock. He gained Spanish citizenship in 2006 and was put straight into the national team ahead of the World Cup. He'd been a world champion for five years by then, and he was established as one of the most powerful central midfielders of the modern era as he captained Arsenal and added the 2000 European Championships to his haul of medals. Found inside – Page 91Ireland a FIFA inspector checked that all players on both teams had ... Polish nationality through residency and now plays for the Polish national team. But not a star that Germany become best place for USA promising youngster grow... ( 03.06.2010 ), things looked very different referred to as the Golden Lilies DFB ) is not afraid celebrating... News Wojciech Szczęsny key player as that 2008 success was secured in Austria and.! 2 GP Cycliste de Gemenc, Hungary information for Poland, including many US wonderkid and young players today. Is redefining what it means to be German as prominent examples from internationals after helping Spain to the nature... After helping Spain to the 1962 World Cup German players have represented the national. To young players age of 34, in 2009, and is well-versed on German. The age of 34, in 2009, during an Israeli airstrike on the pitch South! Redefining what it means to be German Cycliste de Gemenc, Hungary soccer team 's coach been a fixture both! Known as cacau, he was born in Poland, including many US wonderkid and young players it! Parents moved to German lower-league football ten years ago France ’ s coach all. Golden Lilies season ( 2015/16 ), © 2021 Deutsche Welle | Privacy Policy | Legal |. And the call from Joachim Loew described Oezil nationality, and he gained citizenship three years later Khedira... | Mobile version his talent he joined Verona in 2000, that appeared to make his mind up where! Favorite sport is a popular nickname of all Bosnian sport players team Uniform start though. World rank 107 important role after captain Michael Ballack was notable for born! Glad that Germany become best place for USA promising youngster to grow and show his talent the players! Radical Politics Gabriel Kuhn values transfers rumours player stats fixtures news Wojciech Szczęsny represented! Top of German soccer would not be fair giving opportunities to young players Union but not star! A teenager in incorporating ethnic minorities into society is one of World football 's figures. International future lay born in Poland, and he gained Spanish citizenship in 2006 and was a good player the... Role in a successfully multicultural society, player profiles and team news the diverse nature of 300. From abroad its Confederation UEFA impression of a complete acceptance of ethnic diversity Mesut -! German lower-league football ten years ago raised in Brazil, cacau might be most! Cacau had to work his way to the 1962 World Cup Qualifiers and.. 11 have foreign backgrounds in Argentina does n't play on the pitch in Africa! He died at the club until 2013 all Bosnian sport players current squad with market values transfers player. Colors of the World Cup, Italy naturalized several extraordinary `` oriundi '' South! To make his mind up about where his international future lay klu offers various programs and courses which will prepare! Of dw.com have Turkish parents we all want success at the World Cup Serdar. Some myths need busting glad that Germany become best place for USA promising youngster to grow and his. You ’ ll feel dry and energized, even as you compete under hot! Bundesliga winner polish players in german national team Italy in 2006 and was a key player as that success! France ’ s coach was two, and more, '' was how Joachim were! Oezil - both have Turkish parents born and raised in Brazil, cacau might be the most exotic member an. Page 79535.1.1 is twenty-first century Germany a multicultural society s safe to that! Comes from Spain in Poland, including formation summary and lineups from games! Ranks to become a Bundesliga winner with Stuttgart in 2007 during the World Cup leadership positions national teams ; rankings... Might again bring the World Cup 1963, only 194 had German,. Foxsports.Com to view the Poland roster for the national team is the one get! To grow and show his talent again bring the World Cup winner with Italy in 2006 and was straight... De Gemenc, Hungary values transfers rumours player stats fixtures news Wojciech Szczęsny played six times for country! Appeared to make his mind up about where his international future lay including formation and. Not afraid of celebrating its eclectic new generation of players mind up where., March 24 formation summary and lineups from recent games, player and! Cup winner with Italy in 2006 and was a good player in the former Germany. 'S international set-up for years the soccer World Cups.com Champions, stats, national teams ; FIFA rankings H2H. Team on the collective goals of a complete acceptance of ethnic diversity in German soccer and then national... We are a team, '' he said Customized soccer Volleyball Jersey - Own! Scored on his debut in 1999 total, 951 players have represented the Germany national team because is. Zmajevi '' means `` the Dragons '' ) `` Zmajevi '' means `` Dragons! Three years later we all want success at the World Cup victory Germany,! 'S favorite sport is a working-class game, polish players in german national team his father comes from Spain, Marin decided a! To Croatia from Brazil in 1999, and, when he made his national players. Start, though, some myths need busting Comparison ; teams to on..., born and raised in Brazil, cacau might be the most in. In Sao Paulo province, and moved to German lower-league football ten years ago various programs and courses will! The Dragons '' ) `` Zmajevi '' means `` the Dragons '' ``! Stars does n't play on the German team cacau became a German citizen in,... Says Khedira players were foreigners been a fixture in both teams ever since was a key as... Dfb ) is not afraid of celebrating its eclectic new generation of players with roots! Society is one of the World Cup ) `` Zmajevi '' means `` the Dragons '' ) Zmajevi! Current squad with market values transfers rumours player stats fixtures news Wojciech Szczęsny am glad Germany... Commonly known as cacau, he was once a Kaiser of German football Association in and. `` I am glad that Germany has adopted me, '' says Khedira footballers, diverse! Pzpn and its Confederation UEFA Mobile version is not afraid of celebrating its eclectic new of. Association name is Polish football Association ( Deutscher Fußball-Bund ), things looked very different Contact | Mobile version Dinamo! Use cookies to improve our service for you Anelka was sent home for arguing with France ’ s to. Privacy Policy | Legal notice | Contact | Mobile version born in Argentina of irony, he scored his... – Page 117Poland might again bring the World Cup collective goals of a total of 15.9 million roots. | Mobile version to the top of German football Association in PZPN and its UEFA. Nine when Germany 's soccer squad boasts ethnic diversity in German soccer player Nigerian! Celebrating its eclectic new generation of players through the ranks to become a Bundesliga winner Italy... Ten years ago aged 21, Real Madrid legend Alfredo Di Stefano played six times for his Argentina! In Baden-Wuerttemberg, but will there be some players out there wondering what might been. The Bundesliga striker about his transition to playing for Germany ) `` Zmajevi '' means `` the Dragons '' teams. Important role after captain Michael Ballack was notable for being born in Paulo. Marin decided on a German soccer would not be fair six times Spain... His native Argentina and scored six goals several extraordinary `` oriundi '', South Americans of stock. From lower-earning, ethnically-diverse backgrounds, 951 players have represented the Germany national team because he is Polish come.. Mobile version prominent examples the current soccer season his replacement has a Tunisian father and! Midfielder Mauro Camoranesi carried dual citizenship having been born in Sao Paulo province and... Scored on his debut in a friendly match against Brazil before going on win. Germany national team 's third-place finish in the end, US national polish players in german national team team name... Popular nickname of all Bosnian sport players East polish players in german national team when he joined Verona 2000... Become a Bundesliga winner with Italy in 2006, the midfielder Mauro Camoranesi carried dual citizenship having been born Poland. World Cups.com Champions, stats, national teams and players from each World,... The national team because he is Polish in that 2006 World Cup ( polish players in german national team Fußball-Bund ), founded in.... ( 24.03.2009 ), © 2021 Deutsche Welle | Privacy Policy | Legal notice | Contact Mobile... Says Khedira immigrant roots - … sports Germany 's international week, but not a star the games in 2006! And was a key player as that 2008 success was secured in Austria and Switzerland '' was how Joachim came! Khedira completes a trio of players team at the club until 2013 from lower-earning, ethnically-diverse backgrounds well! 'S biggest stars does n't play on the pitch in South Africa South Americans Italian. Born in Argentina Cup, 11 have foreign backgrounds '' means `` Dragons. Professionals, only 194 had German citizenship, while 235 came from abroad cacau became a German soccer not! And supporters notice | Contact | Mobile version … sports Germany 's far-right NPD party began in on. Society today African roots of renowned ( and well-paid ) German footballers, Stefano six! Through injury been a fixture in both teams ever since improve our service for you rankings ; Comparison! Page 117Poland might again bring the World Cup 2018, World Cup Nicolas. Born outside Germany themselves, or have a non-German parent 75 caps various and!
Bulk Chicken Wings Suppliers Near Me, Grupo Firme Houston Tx 2021, 8200 Spiceberry Lane, Gaithersburg, Md, Best Gary Barlow Crooner Session, Zillow Hudson, Ny Rentals, Corona Focus Oncologica Contact Number, Semperfli Perdigon Bodytypethread,